La certificación LPIC-1 evalúa dos exámenes principales:
tree, ls, cd, pwd, find, locate.✅
nano, vim mkdir, rmdir, cp, mv, rm, cat, head, tail >, >>, <, |, tee)
grep, cut, sort, uniq, wc, sed, awk, tr.
tar, gzip, bzip2, xz, zip, zstd ln man, info, whatis, /usr/share/doc/ scp, rsync dd: tipos, backups incrementales y clonado de disco
/etc/default/grub, grub-mkconfig, grub-install)
uname, módulos (lsmod, modprobe, rmmod, depmod)
systemctl get-default, isolate)
chroot y recuperación de contraseñas
shutdown, reboot, halt, poweroff sysctl (/etc/sysctl.conf, sysctl -a, sysctl -w)
/etc/fstab chroot, grub-install, BIOS y UEFI
/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group.
useradd, usermod, groupadd, groupmod,
groups,passwd, id, userdel, groupdel sudo (/etc/sudoers, visudo).
chmod, chown, chgrp, chattr.
suid, sgid, sticky bit.
getfacl, setfacl.
chage, /etc/login.defs).
.bashrc, .profile, /etc/profile.
ulimit, /etc/security/limits.conf.
lsblk, blkid, hdparm, smartctl fdisk, gdisk, parted, MBR vs GPT
mkfs.ext4, mkfs.xfs, mkfs.btrfs, mkswap mount, umount, /etc/fstab, UUID
fsck, e2fsck, xfs_repair, tune2fs pvcreate, vgcreate, lvcreate, lvextend, snapshots
mdadm, RAID 0/1/5/6/10, /proc/mdstat dpkg y apt rpm, yum y dnf sources.list, PPAs y claves GPG
ldd, ldconfig, LD_LIBRARY_PATH ps, top, htop, pgrep, pstree kill, killall, pkill systemctl (start, stop, status, enable, disable)
multi-user.target, graphical.target)
.service, .mount, .timer cron, at, systemd.timer /var/log/ y journalctl free, vmstat, /proc/meminfo, smem iostat, iotop, df, du sar, dstat, uptime, /proc/stat nice, renice, bg, fg, jobs, nohup /etc/rsyslog.conf logger: escribir en el syslog desde scripts
PATH, .bashrc, .bash_profile,
aliases
$1, $@, $#, $?, shift, getopts test, [ ], [[ ]], numérico, cadenas,
ficheros
if, elif, else, case for, while, until, break, continue return, local, ámbito de variables
read, echo, printf, here-doc
set -euo pipefail, trap, depuración
ip addr, ip link, ip route,
ping, ss, traceroute /etc/network/interfaces, systemd-networkd /etc/netplan/, netplan apply nmcli, /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ systemd-resolved (Ubuntu)
ufw y firewalld ssh, ssh-keygen, ssh-copy-id, ~/.ssh/config, authorized_keys sshd_config, AllowUsers, PermitRootLogin, autenticación
por clave
iptables, nftables, ufw, firewalld jail.local, filtros y acciones
/var/log/auth.log, last, auditd Incluye: